Allies In Fighting Diabetes Mellitus Chapter III Plants Acting To Improve And Fight Diabetes Mellitus

 

 Chapter III 

Herbs Acting To Improve And Fight Diabetes Mellitus 

 

 

It has been known since ancient times that herbs are invaluable aids in the treatment of diseases. This is because they contain many organic and mineral compounds which have beneficial roles in regulating body processes, detoxification, cellular repair. In addition, their constituents are easily metabolized by the body, and do not leave much waste. It could be said that, since man is also part of nature, everything that is natural continues and naturally repairs the processes of human body. In this sense, the saying: "God did not allow the existence of any disease without leaving behind a cure in nature" expresses the reality of plants action at the level of cellular and organ processes.
Just like in other diseases, in diabetes we know a rich arsenal of plants which help to improve, or even fight it, if the treatment starts in the initial stages - of glycoregulation disorders. It should be noted, however, that if you are already being treated with synthetic diabetes medication, you must inform your doctor if you intend to take a natural product as we ll. Generally speaking, in this case, it is recommended to add a natural product only if your blood sugar is not sufficiently balanced by treatment, in order to avoid the introduction of other antidiabetic drugs, or insulin - but only under the supervision of a doctor or therapist, and under control of usual blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin every three months. Or, another situation, more widely encountered, in which we can take a natural treatment from the very beginning, is, as said above, that of a newly discovered diabetes, very little above the usual blood glucose limit (those cases in which drug treatment is not yet recommended, so-called "on diet only", or only in the phase of glycoregulation disorders). But, even in these situations, it is still necessary to control the blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin every three months, and the supervision of a doctor or therapist is still needed, person who will decide what to do if blood sugar still increases. In the case of insulin-dependent diabetes, it is recommended to introduce a natural product only if your diabetologist also has knowledge of phytotherapy and supervises the treatment himself. However, even a diabetic on insulin can eat the allowed vegetables and fruits at regular meals, it is even advisable to preferentially consume vegetables and fruits, along with other foods.
In the following, we will present some of the most well-known plants, stating however that new plants are always discovered, belonging to other geographical areas of the world, with a role in combating this disease, or even to old plants known for good effects in other diseases, other new healing properties are discovered. In the beginning, for a better understanding of using these plants, some forms of their use will be presented.
The tea is prepared by boiling a teaspoon or two of the dried plant in a cup of hot water, and let it infuse for 5-15 minutes, covered with a lid.
The infusion is prepared in a similar way to tea, with the difference that the plant is not boiled within the water, but only scalded with boiled water, and then left to infuse.
Tincture is a product extracted from the plant, prepared on alcohol basis. The plant is first crushed, then a varying amount of the plant is put into a bottle - usually up to eight tablespoons - together with a glass and a half of water with alcohol. It is consumed in small quantities, a few tens of drops per day.
The maceration is prepared on the same principle as the tincture, but without alcohol, then it is left for at least one night in a cold room.
The decoction is a kind of tea or infusion, but more concentrated. Boil at least two teaspoons of the herb (usually seeds or roots) with one and a half cups of water. Stop boiling when the mixture has reduced to a quarter. Strain, leave it to cool off, and consume it cold.
The tonic is prepared similarly to maceration, except that wine is used instead of water. It is then left to cool for two weeks. In the case of diabetes, tonics are used less, but there is still an example of use: the ginger tonic, which is very effective.
The extract is prepared on the principle of tincture, only that the mass of the plant used to prepare the final solution is very concentrated, and has to be diluted in very little liquid. The liquid can be: water, alcohol, oil, hydrocarbons (in cosmetics). The word "extract" means in medicine a substance from which water has been extracted or evaporated.
Other forms of use: salads, powders - in the case of vegetables; or medicinal forms similar to classical medicines: dragees, gels, solutions (proposed for sale in natural product stores, or even in pharmacies).
Now, after reviewing the main forms of plants preparation, some examples of plants known to have an antidiabetic effect will be given.
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), also known as karela in India, is a fruit- vegetable, with both food and medicinal use. This plant contains at least three active principles with antidiabetic effect: charanti, vicine, and an insulin-like component called polypeptide-p. It also contains lectin, which lowers blood sugar by acting on peripheral tissues and by reducing appetite.

Also see Bitter Gourd Cultivation

 

A study conducted in January 2011, over a period of 4 weeks, and published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, showed that a daily dose of 2000 mg of bitter cucumber significantly reduced blood sugar levels. The effect is roughly comparable to 1000 mg Metformin per day.  

Also, a study published by the National Library of Medicine in 2014 shows that bitter cucumber juices, powders, extracts, and isolated compounds in vitro intakes, caused an insulin secretion increase, intestinal glucose absorption decrease, and glucose absorption and utilization in peripheral tissues increase.  

Another study published in 2017 by the same institution, researches the properties of different plant constituents, and proves its anti-hyperglycemic effects.  

Also, a 2019 meta-analysis and systematic review of existing data on this topic by the same institution, based on 10 studies in type 2 diabetes, shows that momordica significantly improved glycemic control, reflected in the decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin, and other factors.  

As a form to be taken, it can be consumed as such, in salads, or in the form of complex phytotherapeutic product Insuveg Forte – vegetable insulin, created by Prof. Dr. Academician Ovidiu Bojor. It is good to consume one capsule of this product three times a day. Or, there are also Momordica charantia tablets which contain only a few compounds (from Dacia Plant) or even only the basic compound.(from Hofigal).  

Other beneficial effects of bitter gourd: in coughs, fever, colic, burns, painful menstruation, skin problems, effects in the prevention of viral diseases, such as measles, but also in the prevention and even treatment of breast cancer.  

Precautions in use: do not exceed 2 cucumbers per day, or 50 g, in order not to cause abdominal pain and transit disturbances. Also, be very careful if you are already taking an antidiabetic oral drug treatment, drugs doses must be reduced, following diabetologist's recommendation, otherwise hypoglycemia is possible. In the case of patients on insulin, in order not to cause hypoglycemia, it is good, as it was said, that insulin doses be adjusted by  diabetologist.  

 

Blueberry (vaccinum myrtillus) is part of the Ericaceae family, it is a shrub that grows in mountainous areas, on pastures or even in rocky regions. It is known in folk medicine for its properties in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases (diarrhea, dysentery), circulatory disorders (varicose veins, arteritis, phlebitis with sequelae), coronary diseases, atherosclerosis, hemorrhages, gall bladder protection, pharyngitis, stomatitis, canker sores, etc.

 

 Also see Planting Blueberries

Blueberry leaves and fruits are used to treat diabetes. Its effects in treating this disease are so remarkable that it has been nicknamed "green insulin". These special effects are due to a substance present in its constitution: myrtilin, which is an active hypoglycemic agent.
In addition, blueberry is also a kidney protector, diuretic and disinfectant – properties which recommend it in diabetes, additionnally for preventing diabetic nephropathy. Also, through its vascular and capillary protective properties, it is recommended to protect the eye microcirculation, and in the case of diabetes, preventing the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy, and improving vision.
Several studies published by the National Library of Medicine have demonstrated the hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering properties, as well as many other properties of blueberries:
In 2011, a group of international researchers compiled a systematic review of knowledge about herbal medicines, and in chapter 4 of this study (Herbal Medicine. Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects) they described the known properties of blueberry: improving vision, lowering glucose levels of blood, and lipids, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants (playing a role in cancer prevention), cardiovascular and nervous system protector, preventing the onset of dementia.
This miraculous plant can be consumed in many forms: tea, maceration, tincture, dry leaf powder, fruit cure during summer season (300-500 g/day), or blueberry juice before meals. Univ. Prof. Dr. Pavel Chirilă recommends an infusion in equal parts of leaves and fruits, into 250 ml of water, to drink a cup or two before meals.
The blueberry can also be found in the composition of wonderful antidiabetic product Insuveg Forte, created by Acad. Dr. Ovidiu Bojor, as well as in the Fitodiab product from Hofigal.

 Possible adverse effects are insignificant: slight allergies in people with predisposing terrain. Instead, it is one of the few products that can be consumed without precautions during pregnancy.
Bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris) have been known since ancient times in folk medicine, as they have multiple therapeutic virtues.

  

 Also see Planting beans

In the treatment of diabetes, it works by lowering blood sugar and lipid levels, and normalizing insulin production, by regenerating the pancreas and spleen.
A targeted study on bean pods in October 2017, as well as a systematic review in March 2011, showed the hypoglycemic, as well as weight loss, effects of aqueous extract of bean pods. These effects are said to be due to an alpha amylase inhibitor present in bean's constitution, which helps regulate body's fat deposits. It is known that carbohydrates and lipids metabolism are intricated, in the sense that excess lipids can be converted into carbohydrates in the liver through the process of gluconeogenesis, and vice versa, excess carbohydrates can be converted into triglycerides. This explains the association of some types of diabetes with obesity. Therefore, when one of these metabolisms is regulated appropriately, there are beneficial effects on the other as well.
Bean pods can be taken as an infusion or decoction, alone or in combination with other plants with an antidiabetic role. Dry pods, preferably from white beans, are used for this purpose.
Bean pods are also found in the antidiabetic phytotherapeutic Fitodiab, which may be taken as one tablet, two to three times per day.
The decoction also has a purifying role – by stimulating urination and the elimination of toxins from the body, it additionally contributes to the elimination of excess sugar. It also protects and detoxifies kidneys. Detoxification is also beneficial in rheumatism, removing toxins from the joints.
Other beneficial roles of beans: source of minerals, with a role in toning the body, source of vegetable amino acids (beneficial in diabetes as a source of healthy proteins, as well), source of C vitamin with an antioxidant role. Among the amino acids, tryptophan contained in beans has a calming role on the nervous system.
Warning : the infusion or decoction of bean pods is not to be ingested during pregnancy, as fluids and minerals can be lost due to diuretic effect. 

 The white mulberry (Morus alba), is a shrub found in temperate and subtropical areas. In our folk medicine, its leaves, fruits and bark are used.

 

  Also see Mulberry Tree Harvest

In the treatment of diabetes, leaves are to be used, in the form of extract or infusion, with a hypoglycemic role by inhibiting and reducing the absorption of glucose in the small intestine, and stimulating the pancreatic insulin secretion. The infusion can be used alone, or in combination with sage and nettle in equal parts, scalded with 250 ml of water, administered three times a day.
White mulberry is also found in the composition of the phytotherapeutic product  Fitodiab which I have mentioned before.
A systematic review of several studies on mulberry species, carried out in January 2019, and published by the National Library Of Medicine, highlighted the laxative, antibacterial, antiatherogenic (against the deposition of atheroma plaques on blood vessels), hepatoprotective properties of leaves and mulberry fruits, as well as the lack of toxic effects. Also, their antidiabetic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive (against pain) effect have been proven.
In folk medicine, mulberry leaves are also used for protection of nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular system - they lower blood pressure, digestive (against constipation), urinary, promoting sweating and eliminating toxins.
Mulberry fruits are used to treat anemia and urinary incontinence, and even diabetes, in Chinese medicine.
Mulberry bark is beneficial in treating fever, cough and headache.
Precautions: avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as its effects in these states of the body are not known.
The walnut (Juglans Regia) is a tree found in temperate regions, from which fruits and leaves are used in medicine, and fruits are also used in food.

 

 

 Also see: Walnut Tree

Recent studies have shown that, in the case of women who consumed nuts at least once a week, the risk of developing diabetes decreased by 7%, and in the case of those who consumed 3-5 times a week, this risk decreased by up to 28%.
Also, the infusion prepared from walnut leaves has a good hypoglycemic and diuretic effect, facilitating the carbohydrates metbolism. Combined infusions can also be prepared, from walnut, mulberry, nettle, and other plants with an antidiabetic role. A such example is the composition of Favidiab antidiabetic infusion produced by Favisan, which contains walnut leaves, along with blueberry, nettle, sage, burdock.
Other known effects of walnut are: tonic, slightly hypotensive, antiperspirant, antidiuretic, antihemorrhagic, cicatrizing.
Precautions: in insulin-dependent diabetics, it is necessary to carefully monitor blood sugar, and adjust insulin values ​​accordingly.
Warning: walnut leaf preparations should not be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Burdock (Arctium lappa) has been known since ancient times for its healing properties, not only in diabetes but also in many other diseases. In diabetes, burdock roots are used in the form of teas, tinctures, infusions, or even raw, in salads - fresh, or dried and preserved

 

  

 

 Also see Burdock Plant Care

According to Mr. Pavel Chirilă, a mother tincture can also be prepared, from which 30 drops are administered 3 times a day. 

 Concerning all burdock preparations, attention is required for diabetic patients on insulin, so as not to cause hypoglycemia. (Adjustment of insulin dose by diabetologist).

 Other beneficial effects of burdock: in infections and other kidney conditions, skin conditions (acne, cuperosis, furunculosis, etc.), fights dandruff and hair loss, anti-inflammatory, vitaminizing, anticancer (in skin cancer).  

However, it is not allowed for pregnant women because it can cause uterine contractions (burdock seeds). It can also cause allergies in people with atopic (predisposed) terrain. By the way, almost all wild plants, with few exceptions, have interdictions during pregnancy, that is why it is good, during this very sensitive body period, to definitely consult the doctor when we want to take a new product, be it a phytotherapeutic one. 

  Stinging nettle (urtica dioica) is both a medicinal and edible plant, used since ancient times in folk medicine.

 

 Also see 7 Uses Of Stinging Nettle

It is rich in fibre, vegetable protein, vitamin A, C, K and minerals – especially iron. In diabetes, it works by lowering both blood sugar and lipid deposits. The hypoglycemic action is probably due to vitamin A - beta carotene - which is a substance with a known role in regulating blood sugar - both in its original form and through its derivatives: carotenoids. The same vitamin is found in large quantities in other vegetables, such as carrots, which we will talk about later.
A systematic review of several researches on nettle, carried out in 2019 and published by the National Library of Medicine, attests to its hypoglycemic and cardiovascular protective role, through its compounds - polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and especially lectin - which have antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha glycosidase - two enzymes with a role in blood sugar regulation - ensuring the protection of pancreatic beta cells.
Nettle is consumed as an infusion, plain or in combination with other plants with an antidiabetic role - as we mentioned when we talked about mulberry leaves.
Other roles of nettle: renal depurative, and respectively, through the depurative action, being an adjuvant in slimming diets; anti-anemic – due to its' composition in minerals and iron; hypotensive, skin protector, removing impurities; role in hair remineralization, stopping hair loss, antiallergic. In spring, it is also consumed as food, in stews and boiled food, in order to strengthen the body.
Warning : the infusion is not allowed during pregnancy and breastfeeding, due to its purifying action, which could cause fluid loss.

The carrot (Daucus carota) is an orange root vegetable. It belongs to the same family as parsley and parsnip – umbelliferae.

 

See also  Growing carrots

 
 

Since ancient times it has been known not only as a food, but also for its healing properties – especially in protecting and improving eyesight. It mainly contains beta-carotene or vitamin A, in large quantities, which ensures effective protection of vision and skin. It also contains many other active principles, including: fibers (cellulose and lignin - which allow the slow release of sugars), potassium, vitamin C and many other antioxidants - role in anticancer protection.
Its glycemic index is low in the raw carrot, which is why it is indicated, even recommended, in the diet of diabetics, and even as a principle which improves diabetes. Another reason for its antidiabetic effect is because it contains long-chain and slow-release carbohydrates, which do not cause the release of a large amount of insulin in the body.
The 2006 studies carried out by French researchers "rehabilitated" the carrot in regard to its anti-diabetic virtues, since the old studies, dating from 1981, which indicated that the carrot has a very high glycemic index, had only been carried out on 5 people, who had consumed cooked carrot - and by thermal preparation its glycemic index increases. 

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a herbaceous vegetable plant, but also a root plant from the same family as carrot.

 

 

 See also -  Growing parsley

 

It is known in folk medicine for its virtues in many conditions, including diabetes. This is because it also contains, in addition to vitamins: A (beta-carotene), B, E, K, C, minerals, folic acid, polysaccharides; a constituent - inulin - takimg part in regulating carbohydrate metabolism by regulating insulin secretion. Another role in diabetes is to improve bone fragility caused by insulin deficiency, through the vitamin K it contains.
In addition to food consumption as such, in diabetes, parsley root tea or decoction, or parsley juice can be consumed, possibly in combination with other vegetable juices. Beneficial roles in other conditions: diuretic, with a role in the elimination of reno-urinary sand, detoxifying, in weight loss treatments, antioxidant - anticancer, antihypertensive, circulation protector, in rheumatic diseases, in bronchial asthma, in abdominal bloating and abdominal colic, protective for liver, in wounds, insect bites, toothache. Precautions: tea or decoction is not recommended during pregnancy, as they are diuretics.

Celery (Apium graveolens) is a plant from the Apiaceae family, known since ancient times for its nutritional properties, as well as in the treatment of many diseases.

 

 See also Tips On How To Grow Celery

For medicinal purposes we use seeds, leaves and roots - although the actual seeds prepared for cultivation are best to be avoided, being treated with fungicides.
In diabetes, celery has beneficial effects by lowering blood sugar, especially consumed in the form of celery juice. The juice can be consumed plain, or mixed with parsley and lavender, which have the same hypoglycemic effects.
In addition to hypoglycemic effect, this juice also contributes to weight loss, being useful, as well, in diabetes and obesity through this effect. This effect is due to its diuretic properties – to eliminate fluids, toxins and excess fat, and also to the feeling of satiety given by its' fiber content.
Due to this diuretic effect, it is also useful in gout and arthritis – removing toxins from joints.
A study carried out in December 2019 on the beneficial effects of celery in the metabolic syndrome (a complex of metabolic disorders that includes diabetes, high blood pressure and diabetes-induced obesity, highlighted clinically by the disposition of abdominal fat and the increased level of triglycerides), showed that:
- the antioxidants in its composition alleviate oxidative metabolic disturbances in these diseases (vitamin C, vitamin A and manganese);
- constituents with a phytochemical role (flavones, flavonoids, phenolic acid) decrease the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevent inflammation. Flavonoids also protect against cardiac inflammation, and consequently, prevent atherosclerosis;
- phthalides cause the endothelial muscles of blood vessels to dilate, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.
Other beneficial effects of celery: in gastrointestinal protection - in gastritis, gastro-duodenal hyperacidity, gastrointestinal hypotonia (lazy stomach or intestine), loss of appetite, biliary problems, intestinal parasites; tonic of the nervous system - due to the content in minerals, sedative - in anxiety, in insomnia, headaches.
However, there are also precautions and interdictions: it can cause severe allergies, so it must be tested first by taking a small amount.
It is prohibited during pregnancy, due to the possibility of both its' allergic and diuretic effect. In addition, celery oil applied on skin can induce photosensitivity (discomfort, irritation or even burns in sun contact), so sun exposure should be avoided after application. 

 Lovage (Levisticum officinale) is an aromatic perennial plant from Mediterranean origin, being used since ancient times as food, but also as medicine in some conditions.

 

 See also Planting lovage

In addition to its known effects in other diseases amelioration, Iranian researchers discovered in 2020 that the hydroalcoholic extract from lovage leaves also has an antidiabetic effect, by inhibiting pancreatic alpha-amylase, which has a role in regulating insulin secretion. These effects are due to its constituents: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, hexanoic acid, quercetin and luteolin. Also, this extract improved serum lipids, insulin, liver enzymes and creatinine (an indicator of kidney function).
Other effects of lovage, in other diseases: diuretic - in urinary infections, kidney stones, hypertension (lovage root), digestive disorders, abdominal gas, constipation, biliary disorders, intestinal parasites, appetite stimulation, menstrual regulator, anxiety, palpitations ( aerial part), in bronchitis, bone remineralization in children (root and seeds).
In external use: in skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis) or in rheumatism - in the form of poultice, or crushed fresh leaves.
In internal use, it is used in the form of tea, infusion, powder, fresh leaves, lovage juice. Interdictions : during pregnancy, the infusion or powder is prohibited, and during breastfeeding, lovage is used only in small quantities (up to 3 g/day). Very rare urinary irritation in long-term use for urinary infections. 

 Dill (anethum graveolens) is an aromatic plant, the only species of genus Anethum, found in Europe and Asia.

 

 See also Tips On How To Grow

It is used both in food, as a spice, and for its multiple healing virtues. It contains a great wealth of vitamins and minerals - A, C with an antioxidant role, group B - and especially folic acid, with a role in the formation and protection of neural tube in the embryo, and the prevention of anemia: calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin, etc. These products give it antioxidant properties (in fighting cancers - especially lung, breast and colon through d-linolene, rheumatism, toxins, Alzheimer's), immune stimulants, anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic (anti-vomiting), digestive regulators (anti -flatulence), antimicrobial (natural antibiotic, including antifungal - dill suppository) and anti-inflammatory (through terpenes and tannins), heart protective (through flavonoids), eye protective, anticonvulsant.
In diabetes, it intervenes by stimulating the insulin secretion, and probably also by improving carbohydrates and fats metabolism. and the functioning of pancreas and liver by means of antioxidants and manganese - a mineral that plays a role in these metabolisms. But not a lot of research has been done on humans.
Diuretic in eliminating toxins.
It is also known for its role in combating colic in infants, in the form of tea, along with fennel.
Infusions also help soothe hemorrhoids.
Source of vitamins and minerals, bone tonic and remineralizer.
Dill oil is useful in combating menstrual cramps as well as stress and anxiety.
In external application, it is anti-infective and cicatrizing for wounds, maintains the skin elasticity.
It is used as such in food, or as an infusion or tincture; externally - dill oil.
Interdictions: in pregnancy and breastfeeding do not consume infusion or food supplements with dill, as not much is known about their effect (probably to avoid the diuretic effect, with the loss of minerals and dehydration). But a small amount can be consumed as a food spice. Another interdictions: allergies to dill, which can be manifested by diarrhea, vomiting, mouth irritation, swelling of the tongue and throat.
Precautions in long-term use in women: possible hormonal disturbances.

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is an annual herbaceous plant in the Cucurbitaceae family (along with melons, cucumbers and squash), with many food and medicinal properties.

 

 See also - Planting pumpkins

It has a large amount of fiber, but is low in carbohydrates, so it can be consumed by diabetics. In fact, its glycemic index is high, but the carb load is insignificant.
Other beneficial properties of pumpkin: through vitamins A, C, E – a strong antioxidant effect, anticancer protector, and protector especially of the skin, mucous membranes and eyes. Through vitamin A, as well as through zeaxanthin - another constituent - it prevents the onset of age-related macular degeneration - which can even lead to vision loss.
It is also a detoxifier and diuretic/depurative of the body, through its increased content in water, as well as a source of hydration and minerals for the body.
Through B complex vitamins, it has a role in increasing immunity, fighting anemia and protecting the nervous system. Pumpkin seeds contain unsaturated fatty acids - cardiovascular protectors and hypocholesterolemic; tryptophan (an amino acid) – with a role in inducing calmness and sleep, as well as antiparasitic principles (they are used in raw state in intestinal parasitosis).
Pumpkin can be eaten raw or baked, or in pumpkin-flavored drinks - but if it is included in processed products, or in baked goods that also contain preservatives or flavor enhancers, that make it lose its qualities.
The seeds can also be consumed in the form of oil
Interdictions: do not consume during pregnancy and breastfeeding in large quantities, due to the diuretic effect, to reduce consumption in case of gastric hyperacidity or colitis. 

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is a plant of the Chenopodiaceae family, also called red turnip, native to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East.

 

 

See also Growing beetroot

It is a plant with important culinary and medicinal virtues, through its content in vitamins - group B - protection against anemia, A, C - antioxidants, minerals - calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, phenols, organic acids. Initially, its' leaves were consumed, and from the 16th century, the roots as well.
In diabetes, it intervenes in nerves protection (prevention of diabetic neuropathy, but also brain protection) and blood vessels protection by lowering blood pressure, as well as by lowering insulin resistance (improving all metabolisms, and cellular recovery, including the pancreas one, through antioxidants).
In addition to its beneficial role in body nutrition and strengthening (beet juice cures), it also has an important role in cancer prevention and toxins elimination, through the antioxidants found in its composition, in high blood pressure, respiratory infections, digestion regulation.
Externally, it can be used in contusions, traumas, but also in vaginitis, leucorrhoea.
The root can be consumed in the form of raw or baked beet salads, beet juice, beet soup. In diabetes, a cup of beet juice per day can help regulate blood sugar. The leaves can also be used as food, but less so than the root.
Interdictions - in large quantities, it can cause vomiting and dizziness, probably due to its' diuretic effect. Start drinking with a small cup a day, and adjust according to body's response.
Precautions during pregnancy, allowed to be consumed in small quantities, and in other form than juice. Precautions in the case of diabetes which has already a recommended treatment, not to consume beet juice regularly, unless there is a tendency to blood sugar increase even under the usual treatment. 

Red aubergine or tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a vegetable plant from the Solanaceae family, along with potato, tobacco, eggplant.

  See also Tips For Tomato Planting

It is a plant with countless beneficial effects in multiple ailments, through its content in antioxidants (vitamin A, C, lycopene - which gives it its red color), B vitamins, natural carbohydrates (fructose), minerals and fibers. The antioxidants in its constitution give it a strong anti-cancer effect, both in preventing and fighting cancer. Also, as in the case of pumpkin, the vitamin A in its composition gives it a protective role on the retina and ocular microcirculation, thus protecting against age-related macular degeneration. Antioxidants also give it a powerful effect in boosting immunity. In addition, it is a protector of cardiovascular system and a hypolipidemic, contributing to cholesterol normalization and atherosclerosis prevention.
In diabetes, French nutrition experts say that regular and sufficient consumption could normalize body constants, eliminating diabetes from a biochemical point of view (of course, only as long as it is consumed). A September 2020 study on lycopene in tomatoes, published in the National Library of Medicine, shows that it protects against obesity and diabetes. Likewise, C and group B vitamins are also involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Tomatoes are consumed raw, in salads, or in the form of natural tomato juice (without added preservatives). It can also be consumed cooked, but its effects are weaker than in raw state.
Adverse effects: possible allergies in certain people, abdominal bloating or diarrhea when consumed in large quantities, gastric acidity in predisposed people.

 Vegetables and fruits which contain anthocyanines:

blackberries,

 

Also see Blackberry Plant Care

black currant,

 

 Also see Edible Berry Bushes With Black Fruit

blueberries,

 

 

 Also see Planting Blueberries

Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) or chokeberry is a shrub native from North America, from the Rosaceae family.

 

 

 

Also see Aronia: growing and harvesting

It is considered one of the healthiest fruits on earth, also due to the fact that it is resistant to diseases and parasites, and does not require protection by pesticides. In Europe it is less well known, but still it has started to be acclimatized in some regions (eg Eastern Europe, Romania)

red cabbage,

 

 

Also see Red cabbage: care, harvest and use

 

black radish,

 

 Also see Black Radish Info

 eggplant,

 

  

 Also see Growing Eggplants

 purple potatoes

(Solanum tuberosum), originated from Peru, but also acclimatized here in Europe (niche culture) have very marked antidiabetic and anticancer properties.

 

Also see Growing Purple Potatoes

 All these fruits and vegetables containing anthocyanins have antidiabetic properties, known in folk medicine. A mechanism that could explain the decrease in blood sugar after a meal containing anthocyanins, compared to a meal without anthocyanins, is the protection of pancreatic cells by means of antioxidants, and the inhibition of pancreatic enzymes: alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase, mechanisms which have the effect of optimizing insulin secretion.  

All these fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants, therefore they are also useful in increasing body's immunity and protection against cancer.  

The interdictions we could know on them are slight:  

Radish and eggplants are to be consumed with caution by people with biliary disorders, especially gallstones, or with gastric acidity. 

 Black radish requires caution (reduced consumption) by people with hypothyroidism. Cabbage in excess can cause flatulence, bloating, diarrhea - and in long-term consumption, it can lead to loss of minerals in the body, through diuresis and increased elimination (e.g. cabbage soup cure for weight loss). Also, due to its iodine content, it is prohibited for patients with hyperthyroidism.   

Pickled cabbage is not allowed for people with high blood pressure, due to excess salt, and those with gastritis and gastric hyperacidity.  

Cabbage (brassica oleracea) is an edible vegetable from the Crucifera family, which also includes: Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus.

 

 

 Also see Growing Cabbage

 Since we mentioned above the benefits of red cabbage in diabetes, here we will point out only some information about cabbage - with all its varieties, and indirectly, about all other cruciferous vegetables. They are beneficial in diabetes not only due to their low content in carbohydrates and high fiber, but also because they also act by lowering blood sugar due to the increased content in antioxidants, and especially vitamin C. Cabbage has a higher amount of vitamin C than citrus fruits, therefore, its effect in regulating all metabolisms, including the carbohydrate one, is particularly beneficial. Very beneficial in diabetes is the consumption of cabbage juice, which is prepared from grated raw cabbage - half a small cabbage, then in a blender, mixed with a cup of water.  Cabbage porridge with juice is to be drunk one cup at a time before meals.  

Cabbage is also useful in varicose veins and hemorrhoids, both internally and by poultices with crushed cabbage - in varicose veins.  

The green bean (phaseolus vulgaris) is a leguminous plant originating from North and Central America, with a high content of vitamin C - strong antioxidant -  manganese, magnesium (role in bones and teeth protection, in immunity), folate - which protects the nervous system and helps the formation of neural tube in the embryo during pregnancy. also helps to heal wounds, etc.

 

 

 

Also see Planting beans

 

Although we talked extensively about beans when we detailed the antidiabetic role of bean pods, I found it necessary to at least mention it here, among the green plants with strong antidiabetic and antioxidant roles. In diabetes, in addition to being used in cooked dishes, fresh green bean juice can also be used, extremely beneficial, and can be combined with cabbage juice.

 

The pea (pisum sativum)

 

 

 

 

Also see How To Grow Peas

 

with properties similar to beans, containing, in addition to vitamins and minerals, vegetable proteins and fibers, is a permitted food, so-called "on scale", but in practice it can be consumed, if we associate only a slice of wholemeal bread, or a little rice.

 

 Lentils (lens culinaris)

 

 

 Also see Planting lentils

are part of the same family as beans and peas, having a rich vegetable protein content, which indicates them as a favorite food for vegetarians (like beans), but also a very low glycemic index and fiber content - preferential recommendation for consumption in diabetes as well. Lentil soup is a very well-known and practiced menu, not only in diabetes, but also for fortification. 

  Spinach (spinacia olareacea) is a herbaceous vegetable plant, originating from the East. It is known for multiple food and medicinal uses.

 

 

 

 Also see Growing spinach

 

It is a recognized source of minerals, and especially iron, being used in spring fortification cures, and in fighting against anemia. Also thanks to minerals it contains, it is protective for hair and skin. 

It can also be consumed during pregnancy to prevent anemia, especially due to folic acid deficiency – a B vitamin present in spinach.  

On the other hand, thanks to vitamin A, it is also useful in improving vision.  

Also, the antioxidants in its composition indicate it in the prevention and improvement of cancer patients.  

Through vitamin K, it intervenes in the acceleration of wound healing and bones protection.  Another role: in gastritis and ulcers, it acts as a gastric dressing. 

In diabetes, it intervenes by lowering blood sugar through vitamins A (beta-carotene) and C, as well as many other constituents with an antioxidant role.  

In diabetes, spinach can be given raw, in salads, or steamed or boiled, or especially in the form of spinach juice, possibly combined with celery and carrot juice. This juice has a quick diabetes improving effect. 

Precautions: to be avoided by people with high uric acid, gout or kidney stones - as it contains some biochemical compounds called oxalates, which in excess can store in the joints or form stones. But of course, we are talking about a very high consumption of spinach, which can hardly happen in practice. However, it is best not to be consumed in large quantities by those who are used to eating a lot of meat - which is the main source of uric acid.  

Interdictions: not to be consumed by patients who are under treatment with anticoagulants, as the vitamin K in its composition can inhibit their effect. Conversely, in case of profuse bleeding, it is very useful. 

 

Orach plant (atriplex hortensis),

 

 

 

 See also What Is Orach, Learn How To Grow

 

 

also called French spinach, has a similar composition, containing a lot of iron and vitamin K (hemostatic properties), but also vitamin C (double amount compared to lemon) and other antioxidants. It is used as a diuretic, in toxins elimination, in weight loss programs, but also as a source of vitamins and nutrients.  

In diabetes, it intervenes, like spinach, through its antioxidant effect, regulating all metabolisms, including carbohydrates one.  

It can be consumed in the form of salads (preferably), but also soups. 

 

 Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) from the Asteraceae family, has properties similar to orach and spinach, containing a large amount of minerals and antioxidants. Antidiabetic effect through minerals (iron, magnesium, potassium) and antioxidants contained (vitamins A, C, E, K, group B) which improve all metabolisms, including carbohydrates one. The same antioxidants give it anticancer and cardiovascular protective effect.

 

 

Also see Growing Lettuce

The sorrel (Rumex acetosa) from the Polygonaceae family, has properties very similar to lettuce, although it is found mostly in wild state - the mountain sorrel. But it can also be cultivated. It is consumed in the form of salads and soups.

 

 

 Also see Sorrel Plant: How To Grow

 

In addition to its stressed anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive properties, sometimes requiring the adjustment of medication doses if already being treated for hypertension or diabetes (if large amounts are consumed over a long period of time), it also has analgesic (against pain) and anti-inflammatory properties (good effects in rheumatism, gout), digestive regulatory, fortifying properties (source of vitamins and minerals: A, C, K, B6, copper, iron, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), and is an antioxidants source (cancer prevention - especially through vitamins A and C - found in large quantities).  

Precautions: possible adverse digestive effects in long-term consumption (bloating, flatulence), do not consume in case of gallstones (stones in the gall bladder) - possible excessive bile stimulation, which can cause colic, or in case of hyperthyroidism (stimulates all glands metabolism).

 

 Fruits from the citrus family:

the lemon,

 

 

  

 

Also see Lemon Tree Care

 

the orange,

 

 

 

Also see  Orange Tree Care

 

the mandarine,

 

  Also see Mandarin Orange |Tree Care

 the grapefruit,

 

Also see Grapefruit Tree Care

 through their rich vitamin C content, intervene in diabetes through their antioxidant effect, protecting the liver and pancreas, and optimizing lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. 

All these fruits are extremely beneficial, but the lemon has a privileged role due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious and general immunity-enhancing, remineralizing, antiseptic, hypotensive, cardiac tonic, depurative properties. It can be consumed as such, or in the form of lemon juice mixed with water (not mineral).  

Other citrus fruits, as well, can be consumed in the form of natural juice, home prepared. 

 The olive (Olea Europea), is a tree native from Syria and Turkey, but very well acclimatized in the Mediterranean countries, and later known all over the world for its culinary properties, and especially medicinal ones.

 

 

Also see Olive Tree Care

 In diabetes it is an adjuvant, a metabolic regulator by mainly regulating lipid metabolism - which, as it was explained in the previous chapter, is in close interaction with carbohydrate metabolism. (Excess fat can be converted into carbohydrates in the liver through the process of gluconeogenesis, and conversely, carbohydrates can be converted into triglycerides – a category of fat.) 

In diabetes, the olive can be used in the form of olive oil for cooking (excluding frying) – very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which lower cholesterol and prevent the formation of atherosclerosis plaques. Salted olives are not recommended! 

Or, it can also be used in the form of D1 olive branch extract – homeopathic product: 30 drops 2-3 times a day, depending on the cholesterol level and the age of the cardiovascular disease. It is understood that the product is particularly indicated for diabetic patients who also have associated cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia (disorders of fat metabolism).  

Other effects of the olive: immune booster, cardiovascular protector, hepato-biliary protector, even used in gallstones to remove them (olive oil)

Interdictions: very large gallstones, which by displacement can obstruct the hepato-choledochal canal.  

Onion (Allium cepa) is a plant used as a vegetable, spice and medicine since 5000 years ago. It is part of the Liliaceae family, along with garlic, leeks and chives.

 

 

 

 Also see What Is A Spring Onion

In addition to its many virtues in other health conditions, it has recently been found to be beneficial in diabetes, lowering blood sugar levels. 

Other effects of onions: antioxidant - with a role in fighting cancer, inflammation; natural antibiotic - especially in respiratory infections, cardiovascular protector, antithrombotic (blood thinner), hypolipidemic and in slimming regimes, detoxifier, calming of nervous system (through the amino-acid tryptophan), bone remineralizer, digestion stimulator, vision protector.

 It is used as such, raw, or in the form of onion tea. 

 Precautions and interdictions: In large quantities, onion tea can cause bloating and diarrhea. Red onion consumption is not allowed during pregnancy, as it can cause labor. 

 

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a vegetable, spice and medicine used for centuries in folk tradition.

 

 

 Also see How To Grow Garlic

 In addition to its culinary properties, garlic is extremely beneficial in many diseases, including diabetes. This is because it has the effect of reducing blood sugar through vitamin B6, which is involved in the carbohydrates metabolism, and equally through vitamin C, which also has a role in regulating blood sugar.  

A study conducted in July 2018 at a clinic in Rajasthan, India, on 40 patients with metabolic syndrome (n.a. we explained what this syndrome consists of when we talked about celery) who consumed raw garlic 100 mg/kg.day for 4 weeks, indicated a global improvement of this syndrome, reflected in the decrease of abdominal circumference, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, blood sugar, and respectively the increase of "good" cholesterol - HDL.

In addition to its role in diabetes, garlic also has other beneficial effects: in fighting atherosclerosis, blood hypercoagulability (careful when consuming anticoagulant drugs), lowering blood pressure, global cholesterol and cardiovascular protection, antibacterial (a true natural antibiotic), antiparasitic, antifungal, anticancer – prevents growth and development of cancer cells. 

It is consumed raw (most beneficial for patients who do not have problems with its taste or smell, or with gastric acidity), or in dietary supplements.  

Interdictions and possible adverse effects: gastritis, gastric acidity, abdominal bloating, nausea, diarrhea. As mentioned above, it is not associated with anticoagulant drugs, as it increases the risk of bleeding.  

Asparagus (asparagus officinalis) is part of the Liliaceae family, like onions, garlic and leeks.

 

 Also see Growing Asparagus

With a rich content in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, it is a source of nutrients and a detoxifier, having beneficial roles on most body systems. In diabetes, it intervenes, in addition to its antioxidant role, by stimulating insulin secretion, being a natural antidiabetic. Interdictions: allergies to the plant, which can produce digestive effects, people with kidney stones, as asparagus contains a lot of oxalic acid, which can form oxalate crystals, precautions for diabetics who are already taking treatment - it can lower glycemia too much.  

Wild garlic (Allium ursinum) - also popularly called bear's garlic, is part of the genus Allium, being related to onions and garlic.

 

Also see Picking Wild Garlic

 

Known since the middle of the Stone Age, it can be found in Europe, starting from north (Denmark) to south (Greece). It has multiple uses, being a highly valued food and panacea. It contains vitamins (A and carotenoids, C ). ), essential oils, minerals: calcium, phosphorus, iron, allyl sulphide - in greater quantity than garlic. Due to its essential fortified mineral content, it is mainly used in body fortification and vitaminization treatments after the winter period (in the form of salads, soups), or in anemias. The name "bear's garlic" comes from the fact that bears, after coming out of hibernation, use to consume this plant for energy recovery, 

Currently, it is a protected plant, it cannot be harvested at will, but only two leaves from one stalk. It is harvested only until flowering. It is harvested only until flowering.  

In diabetes, it intervenes indirectly by regulating lipid metabolism, which is correlated with that of carbohydrates (of sugar), and by its strong antioxidant and free radical-fighting effect - especially through the substance quercetin - increasing all metabolisms.  

Other effects: natural antibiotic and antiparasitic, digestion regulator, cardiovascular and antihypertensive protector, antithrombotic (prevents the clots formation), protector of the nervous system (antistress), antirheumatic, in skin conditions: eczema, herpes, skin infections. 

 Precautions and interdictions: allergies to wild garlic (skin rashes may occur), not be consumed before or immediately after surgical interventions (anticoagulant effect, bleeding), or if the person is already on anticoagulant treatment, not to be consumed by women who are breastfeeding ( can change the taste of milk), and during pregnancy only in small quantities (spice in food). 

 

Sage (salvia officinalis) is an aromatic plant, from the same family as: mint, thyme, rosemary, lavender and basil. Its medicinal virtues have been known since ancient times, in the treatment of many diseases. It is also used in the kitchen as a spice.

 

 

 

 Also see Sage Care

 

In diabetes, it acts through its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect, as well as by increasing insulin sensitivity. Its effect is comparable to that of an oral antidiabetic - Rosiglitazone.  

A December 2018 study on decoctions from three sage species revealed antioxidant, anticarbohydrate, and lipid-metabolizing enzyme-inhibiting effects: alpha glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and pancreatic lipase. In addition to other species, salvia officinalis also proved inhibitory effects on another enzyme involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism: xanthine oxidase. Through all these effects, sage contributes to the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.  

Sage is consumed in diabetes in the form of an infusion, or as a spice in food. 

Other beneficial effects of sage: protection of neuronal cells in Alzheimer's disease, protective in hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial in the oral cavity (mouthwash to prevent dental caries), anti-diarrheal, and especially in hormonal regulation in postmenopausal women - contributing to improve menopausal symptoms.  

Adverse effects: in prolonged use, the heart rate may increase, it may cause confusion - due to some substances called thujone; it can also cause dry mouth. In general, it should not be consumed for more than two weeks, especially because of possible brain toxicity, and no more than 3-5 cups per day. It is prohibited in pregnancy and fever.

 

 The artichoke (Cynara scolimus) is a vegetable that mainly contains cynarin (which gives it its bitter taste) and flavonoids - playing a role in body detoxification. However, it also contains inulin, an extremely beneficial substance with antidiabetic role. For a maximum effect, however, it is good to eat it raw: artichoke root, in salads. However, it can also be used in any other form, including dragees from herbal medicine stores.

 

 

 

 Also see Growing Artichokes

 

Other beneficial effects of artichoke: liver and bile protector, gastrointestinal regulator, diuretic, antihypertensive, skin purification, antioxidant effect (anticancer), protects against neuronal damage (dementia, Alzheimer's disease)

Interdictions: breastfeeding women - as it inhibits milk secretion, and people with gallstones - as it can cause the stones to move, with obstruction of bile ducts.  

 

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a plant from the Asteraceae family, which is edible in its entirety: flower, leaves, stems and root. It contains two compounds which improve insulin secretion and glucose absorption: chicory acid and chlorogenic acid.

 

 

 

 Also see Picking Dandelions

 

A study published by the National Center For Biotechnology in August 2016 shows that these beneficial effects of dandelion in type 2 diabetes are due to other compounds besides the two listed: taraxasterol and sesquiterpine lactate. 

 It can be eaten raw (in the case of stem, leaves and flowers) or cooked, in tincture, extracts, capsules. The root can be dried, ground and consumed as a powder, or as a coffee substitute.  

Other beneficial effects of dandelion: liver and bile protector, in urinary infections, stimulates lactate secretion, anticancer.  

Possible side effects: possible allergic reaction in people with atopic terrain (dandelion pollen), contact dermatitis, interactions with other drugs: diuretics, antibiotics, lithium, certain drugs processed by liver. (It is best not to consume it if we are taking these medications.)  

Another precaution that must be taken into account is if the soil in which it grew did not contain heavy metals; nickel, lead, cadmium, iron - because it is a fixer for heavy metals, which will later be found in your body.

Interdictions - during pregnancy and breastfeeding  

Chicory (Cicorium intibus) has been known since ancient times for its nutritional and healing properties. In our country (Romania) it was popularly called: hardy thistle, sickle flower, house scallion.

 

 

 

Also see Chicory: growing and care

 

 

In nutrition, the root is used to prepare a coffee substitute.  

In diabetes, it works by lowering blood sugar and cholesterol. It can be consumed in decoction and powder form.   

A study published by  National Center For Biotechnology in May 2019 proves its antioxidant effects, which indirectly contribute to diabetes relief by facilitating hepatic and pancreatic glucose metabolism. 

 Other effects of chicory: in weight loss, in detoxification, in improving intestinal transit, liver, joint, skin disorders.  

Interdictions: people prone to allergies, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, gastritis or ulcers. 

 

Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) is a perennial plant from the Rosaceae family that grows in Europe and Greenland.

 

 

 

 

Also see How To Grow Lady's Mantle

 

In our country (Romania), it is used in folk medicine in many diseases, including diabetes, in the form of tea, infusion or decoction. It has several active principles, including salicylic acid (the ingredient found in aspirin), palmitic acid, stearic acid (polyunsaturated fatty acids), phytosterols (a kind of vegetable precursor of cortisone). Thanks to these compounds with a particularly anti-inflammatory role, it is used in several body infections and inflammations, including the improvement of pancreatic inflammation in diabetes. In diabetes, it is used as an infusion.  

Other beneficial effects: in the regulation of female hormonal problems, including uterine fibroids and menopause, in diarrhea, urogenital infections, nosebleeds, headaches.  

In external use: in genital washes for genital infections with leucorrhoea, in gargles or local oral applications in the case of stomatitis, candidiasis, etc.  

Interdictions: during pregnancy and breastfeeding, due to hormonal effects.  

 

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a herbaceous plant from tropical regions, equally acclimatized here (Europe), with a strong rhizome (underground stem) and aromatic. It belongs to the same family as turmeric, also known for its anti-diabetic properties.

 

 

 

Also see How To Grow Ginger Plants

Ginger has long been known for its virtues in the treatment of many conditions, including diabetes. A study conducted in 2017 by Iranian doctors on the effects of ginger administration (2000 mg/day) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and published in the journal "Complementary and Integrative Medicine", highlighted improvements in 8 of the diabetes indicators: glucose serum, glycosylated hemoglobine, insulin resistance decrease, serum insulin decrease, C-reactive protein decrease (inflammation indicator), paraoxonase 1 increase (indicator of reduced oxidative stress), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) significantly increased, malondialdehyde (MDA) – indicator of oxidative stress –  significantly decreased. This study had almost identical results to another published in 2016.  

Ginger can be taken in the form of tea or tonic - as I mentioned in the description of tonics in the introduction of this chapter - with very good results in diabetes. It can also be consumed as food - the rhizome - in salads, sliced, or as an addition to fruit and vegetable juices.  

Other ginger effects, due to its content rich in antioxidants, but also in gingerol, are: antiemetic - used without contraindications for pregnant women, but also by patients undergoing chemotherapy; antifungal, gastric antacidity, digestion regulator, joint and systemic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial for respiratory and urinary tracts, protective effect in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzeimer), hypocholesterolemic, relieves menstrual pain, slows the progression of cancer. 

Interdictions: in large quantities it can cause stomach irritation, diarrhea, skin irritation if applied locally, it can cause allergies, so a very small dose should be tested first. Usually, in any treatment, we may start with a low dose, and increase gradually, but only until we reach the dose recommended by therapist. In case of adverse effects, it must be stopped. 

 Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a plant from the Asteraceae family, also popularly called earth apple, pig carrot, poor man's potato - because it has an underground stem, or tubers.

 

 Also see Jerusalem Artichoke: flower, care and harvest time

  It is very useful in diabetes by lowering blood sugar and cholesterol - an effect proven by studies conducted in several countries, including Denmark, South Korea, Japan, Poland. 

 It also has protective effects on the intestinal mucosa, anti-constipation, normalizes intestinal flora, is used in weight loss cures.  

Also, it has stimulating effects on immunity, being also effective in cancers.

It is to be taken in the form of capsules, tablets or powder.  

No adverse effects are known on long-term administration. However, it is good that during pregnancy and breastfeeding the doctor be consulted if its use is desired, as well as in the case of any other medicinal product, be it plant-based.  

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a medicinal and spice plant, originating from Asia. Its root is used in foods, and gives them a yellow colour.

 

 

 Also see Turmeric Care

 

It is used in the preparation of curry sauces, food supplements, as well as in cosmetics. 

In diabetes, there are studies that show that the main constituent of turmeric - curcumin, as well as the antioxidants in its composition, lower blood sugar levels, but also prevent diabetes complications. It is indicated in type 2 diabetes, as it stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas, and also lowers LDL cholesterol - the so-called "bad" cholesterol. It also has a preventive role in diabetes occurrence. 

A study conducted in August 2019 on curcumin, and published in the National Library Of Medicine, attests that it has the following effects: antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial. neuroprotective, anti-neoplastic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic and antirheumatic – both in vitro and in vivo.  

In diabetes, it is administered as a powder, extract, or in capsules.  

In the human body, curcumin is metabolized only in combination with piperine (the active substance in black pepper). In the phytotherapeutic product Insuveg, which I have mentioned before, these two substances are also found, as well as another plant with great antidiabetic virtues, which, however, is not grown in Europe: Gymnema sylvestre. 

Possible adverse effects: nausea, indigestion, diarrhea - at high doses, more than 4 g of turmeric per day. In long-term consumption, hepatic or biliary effects may occur. If there is a known biliary pathology, better to avoid turmeric.  

In pregnancy, it is beneficial, but only in very small doses, and for short periods.  

 

Cinnamon (Cinamomum verum) is the bark of an exotic evergreen tree, native from India and Sri Lanka, and belonging to the Rosaceae family.

 

 

 

 

Also see Ceylon Cinnamon Care

 

It has been used since ancient times as a spice, but it also has special medicinal properties. Although it does not contain many vitamins and minerals, it has many other antioxidants, which recommend it in the protection against many diseases. It has the highest number of antioxidants among herbs, after cloves.  

In diabetes, cinnamon works by reducing blood sugar by decreasing the insulin activity, and reducing its transport into cells - these actions being achieved by mimicking the insulin effects, and thus allowing the pancreas to reduce its activity. But it also acts by increasing insulin sensitivity in the case of meals rich in carbohydrates - in this sense, actually having an action on regulation and adaptation of glycoregulation mechanisms.   

Cinnamon is available on the market on two varieties, and one of them – Ceylon – is more beneficial for the body, having fewer adverse effects and more antioxidants. The other variant - Cassia - contains a substance that can cause liver toxicity in long-term use.  

Other possible adverse effects: irritability of the gastrointestinal tract. 

 

Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) is a plant native from Asia and the American continent. It belongs to the Araliaceae family, and it has many species, spread all over the world.

 

 

 

 Also see Wild Simulated Ginseng Plants

 The Latin name panax means "all", and reflects the fact that it is a cure for many diseases. It has also been called the "root of life", as its root has the approximate shape of a human figure. This root is eaten as a vegetable, but it is also used in traditional Chinese, Russian, Japanese, and other peoples' medicine. Its main active substances are ginsenosides, from the triterpenes group, which also have a beneficial role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism.  

In diabetes, it acts by lowering blood sugar, probably by improving carbohydrate and lipid metabolism due to oxidative stress reduction, and by neutralizing toxins in the liver – through the protective effect of antioxidants, especially triterpenes.  

Other beneficial effects: mental stimulant and tonic, in states of fatigue and need for prolonged body effort, antidepressant, memory enhancer, immune system stimulant, also active in the prevention and treatment of cancers, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, in anemia and deficiency of vitamins and  conditions – general tonic, sexual stimulant.  

It can be taken as teas, extracts - less in our country (Romania), or herbal tablets and capsules. Ginseng solution in ampoules is not allowed in diabetes, as it contains a sweetener.  

Interdictions: during pregnancy and breastfeeding, in hyperexcitability conditions (the association with energy drinks, caffeine, etc. is forbidden), caution in high blood pressure and rhythm disorders.  

Also, it is not administered together with many other drugs: warfarin, heparin, aspirin, corticosteroids, synthetic estrogens, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (drugs used to treat mental disorders).  

Taking into account the risk/benefit ratio in the case of most patients with diabetes who also have other associated diseases, and especially cardiovascular, it is good not to be used as a supplement in the treatment of diabetes by this category, or by patients with mental conditions, other than depression. It is best to be taken only after consulting a doctor.

Sea Buckthorn (Hypophae rhamnoides), also called "Romanian ginseng", is a plant among the wild flora, from the Elegnaceae family. It features golden berries that ripen in autumn, and redoubtable thorns.

 

 

 Also see Sea Buckthorn Plant

 It is a true reservoir of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals, being useful in the treatment of many diseases, and in strengthening the body.  

In diabetes, it does not act directly by reducing blood sugar, but by improving all metabolisms, including lipid and carbohydrate ones and protecting the liver, and probably also pancreas thanks to the antioxidant effect, it is a very valuable adjuvant. Also, the intake of vitamins and minerals allows tissue regeneration, including the pancreatic one. By the way, adding it to the treatment of diabetes along with blueberry or other antidiabetic products, increased the effectiveness of these products.  

It is used especially in the form of sea buckthorn oil, which contains mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, lycopene, tocopherol, phytosterols - compounds with a cardiovascular protective role, hypolipidemic, immunostimulatory, antioxidant, hormonal regulator, protector against ultraviolet radiation. Also, the sea buckthorn fruit contains a large amount of vitamin C, A and E - playing a role in all tissues protection, especially the eyes, the nervous system, the respiratory system, the skin.  

It can also be used as a tea to preserve vitamin C, which is mostly lost in the oil. 

In our country (Romania), research has been conducted for decades on the benefits of sea buckthorn, at the Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and Food Research Institute. Sea buckthorn obtained by spontaneous growth or culture in our country contains the most active principles in the whole world - at least, according to current data.  

Interdictions: children under three years of age, angle-closure glaucoma, caution is recommended for coronary, hypertensive and hyperthyroid patients (to be consumed only following doctor's advice). In addition, sea buckthorn oil in pharmacies contains ephedrin - not allowed for athletes (doping effect). 

 

Green barley (Hardeum vulgare), is a cereal known in temperate lands, and also  in our country since ancient times. It is rich in vitamins (group B, A, C, E, K), minerals (iron, calcium, manganese, magnesium) and antioxidants (mainly superoxide-dismutase, an enzyme involved in the deactivation of free radicals).

 

Also see Home Garden Barley

 

In diabetes, although it does not play a direct role in lowering blood sugar, it nevertheless intervenes by improving all metabolisms and tissue regeneration, similar to sea buckthorn. Especially through the biotin it contains - B group vitamin, protective for the liver - it improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, preventing the advancement of diabetes and obesity. A September 2020 study published in the National Library of Medicine highlighted the antioxidant and protein glycosylation inhibitory effects of the methanol extract of barley, concluding that this plant is a good and inexpensive resource for the treatment of diabetes, and can be used as a food ingredient, as well. 

 Green barley juice and extract are used in the treatment of many ailments due to the action of free radicals - including cancers, or simply in strengthening and regenerating the body. These products also help protect the body against ultraviolet and electromagnetic radiation.  

 

Of course, in this chapter we have reviewed only the main plants currently known to have a beneficial effect on the evolution of diabetes, because, as it was said in the beginning, new beneficial plants are always being discovered, in all areas of the world. Also, studies are being conducted by research teams from all over the world on known plants, and new beneficial actions are discovered for them. (Example: research on the aronia plant, or on green barley.)

 

Concluding,  we have been blessed with an extraordinary nature, this wonder of floral diversity of the living world, in which the Creator has truly put everything needed to the protection and repair of our health. In other words, nature is our larger body. Almost everything in nature helps and prolongs our body's life in one form or another. From the wonderful landscapes whose sight heals our souls, to the biochemical plants constituents which repair our bodies. In this sense, it is true what Vasile Ghica says: "Nature knew how to make even from thistles a masterpiece."  

And finnally, as a sign of gratitude, let's try to protect, as much as we can, this wonder of our world which is nature! It is the least of acts we can do. And unfortunately, the most necessary, as well.

 

Bibliography::

1. Prof. Dr. Farm. Acad. Ovidiu Bojor, Despre Insuveg Forte, Insuveg Forte - Aliatul glicemiei, //insuveg.ro/ 

2. Medicina naturistă sub redacția Pavel Chirilă, Editura Medicală, București, 1987 

3. In Memoriam Dr. Farm. OVIDIU BOJOR (1924-2023), https://www.adsm.ro/wp-content/uploads/pdf/inmemoriam/BiografieAcadProfDrFarmOvidiuBojor.pdf

4. BOOK REVIEW, Ovidiu Bojor,  Plants and fragrances with biblical significance.,Nourishment for body and soul. European Journal of Science and Theology, March 2007, Vol.3, No.1, 63-64., http://www.ejst.tuiasi.ro/Files/09/63-64Restian.pdf

5. Prof. Univ. Dr. Pavel Chirilă, Doxologia.ro, https://doxologia.ro/prof-univ-dr-pavel-chirila

 

6. Prof. Dr. Pavel Chirilă, visit at Stefadina Comserv. Stefadina, https://www.stefadina.ro/en/events/prof-dr-pavel-chirila-visit-at-stefadina-comserv/

7. Dr. Daniela Petrache, Castravetele amar. Diabet, Nutriție și Boli Metabolice, //diabet-sinutritie.ro/castravetele-amar/

8. Momordica charantia and type 2 diabetes. NIH National Library Of Medecine, //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=momordica+charantia+and+diabetesLaboratoarele Favisan, https://www.favisan.ro/despre-noi/

9.  Istoria Hofigal. HOFIGAL,https://hofigal.eu/content/9-istoria-hofigal

10. About us,  DACIA PLANT, https://www.daciaplant.ro/presentation

11. Despre noi. Laboratoarele Favisan, https://www.favisan.ro/despre-noi/

12. Arctium lappa contributes to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose homeostasis and improving oxidative stress: A critical review of in vitro and in vivo animal-based studies. NIH National Library Of Medecine, //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31232489/

 13. Protective effects of Cynara scolymus leaves extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in alloxan-diabetic rats. NIH National Library Of Medecine, //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28629341/

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